open(pathname,flag,mode) – open file
creat(pathname,mode) – create file
close(filedes) – close an open file
read(filedes,buffer,bytes) – read data from an open file
write(filedes,buffer,bytes) – write data to an open file
lseek(filedes,offset,from) – position an open file
dup(filedes) – duplicate an existing file descriptor
dup2(oldfd,newfd) – duplicate to a desired file descriptor
fcntl(filedes,cmd,arg) – change properties of an open file
ioctl(filedes,request,arg) – change the behaviour of an open file
The difference between fcntl and f ioctl is that the former is intended for any open file, while the latter is for device-specific operations.